Maya is a complicated concept.
But there is a graphic and direct analogy from the Indian oral tradition that drives home the concept practically.
First, a lovely story. [1]
>>
One day I said to my master,
"Sir, I have been taught that
avidya [ignorance] and
maya [illusion]
are one and the same.
But I do not
really understand
what maya is."
He often taught
by demonstration,
so he said,
"Tomorrow morning
I will show you
what maya is."
I could not sleep that night.
I thought,
"Tomorrow morning
I am going to meet maya."
The next day we went
for our morning ablutions as usual.
Then we met again afterwards.
We bathed in the Ganges.
Afterwards I did not feel like
I could sit for meditation
because I was so excited
by the prospect of
the mystery of maya
being unveiled.
On our way back to the cave
we came upon
a tree with a big, dry trunk.
My master rushed up
to the tree and
wrapped himself around it.
I had never seen him
run so fast before.
He called out,
"Are you my disciple?
Then help me!"
I said,
"Huh? You have helped
so many people, and
today you need my help?
What has happened to you?"
I was afraid of that tree.
I wouldn’t go near it
because I feared
it would trap me
as well.
I thought,
"If the tree traps me also,
then who will help us both?"
He cried,
"Help me!
Take hold of my foot and
try your best to pull me away."
I tried with all my might, but
I could not separate him
from the tree.
Then he said,
"My body has been caught
by this tree trunk."
I exhausted myself
trying to pull him
from the tree.
Finally I stopped to think and
I said to him,
"How is this possible?
The tree trunk
has no power
to hold you.
What are you doing?"
He laughed and said,
"This is maya."
<<
Next, more pithily, from one of Babuji's letters: [2]
>>
We are not in a prison cell.
Instead,
the human state
is such that
people themselves
are holding onto
a tree and
shouting that
the tree
is not letting go
of them!
<<
Maya is not outside us and attacking us like a malevolent yakshi.
It is inherent to us, to our nature as hu-mans who do mananam, who think, conjecture, and imagine.
The human brain can be fooled by, still consider as real, optical illusions even after it understands them as such.
The world is uncertain and incompletely understood. Many, perhaps most, decisions are made without a full understanding or appreciation of the situation. When filling in the gaps becomes incoherent and inconsistent with objective reality,
Maya becomes ineffective and wrong.
Maya is simply the human tendency
to hold onto things mentally
while thinking that those things themselves
are holding onto him.
A little Sufi story expresses this precisely:
A rabbit escapes into her burrow from a fox.
A safe distance inside, she turns around and asks,
"Why do you constantly chase me?"
Replied the fox,
"Why are you so appetizing?"
Of course, hunger is more basic than obsessive liking and
the fox may well starve if he doesn't catch the rabbit.
For human beings, though, being "yet but slaves of wishes" [3] over and above meeting their basic needs make them go obsessively after the objects of their wishes or desires.
NOTES
[1] Swami Rama. 1978. Living with the Himalayan Masters, pp. 61-62. Ch: Maya the Cosmic Veil.
[2] Ram Chandra (Babuji). 2025. Complete Works of Ram Chandra (Babuji) Vol. 7, p.91, Ch: Practical Wisdom.
[3] The Sahaj Marg prayer: "... we are yet but slaves of wishes ..."